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|subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = San Bernardino |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = August 10, 1869 |named_for = Bernardino of Siena |government_type = Strong-Mayor |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = R. Carey Davis |leader_title1 = City manager |leader_name1 = Allen J. Parker |leader_title2 = Treasurer |leader_name2 = David C. Kennedy〔 |leader_title3 = City attorney |leader_name3 = Gary Saenz〔 |leader_title4 = City clerk |leader_name4 = Georgeann Hanna〔 |unit_pref = US |total_type = City | area_footnotes = | area_total_sq_mi = 59.645 | area_land_sq_mi = 59.201 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.444 | area_total_km2 = 154.480 | area_land_km2 = 153.330 | area_water_km2 = 1.15 | area_water_percent = 0.74 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_ft = 1053 |elevation_m = 321 |population_as_of = April 1, 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 209924 |pop_est_as_of = 2013 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔 |population_est = 213708 |population_rank = 1st in San Bernardino County 17th in California 100th in the United States |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_metro = 4,224,851 |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |timezone = Pacific |utc_offset = −8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |coordinates_display = inline,title |latd = 34 |latm = 6 |latNS = N |longd = 117 |longm = 18 |longEW = W |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 92401–92408, 92410–92415, 92418, 92420, 92423, 92424, 92427 |area_code_type = Area code |area_code = 909 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = |blank1_name = GNIS feature IDs |blank1_info = , |website = }} San Bernardino is a city located in the Riverside-San Bernardino metropolitan area (sometimes called the "Inland Empire"). It serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States. As one of the Inland Empire's anchor cities, San Bernardino spans on the floor of the San Bernardino Valley, and has a population of 209,924 as of the 2010 census.〔http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL1.ST13&prodType=table#〕 San Bernardino is the 17th-largest city in California, and the 100th-largest city in the United States. San Bernardino is home to numerous diplomatic missions for the Inland Empire, being one of four cities in California with numerous consulates (the other three being Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco). The governments of Guatemala and Mexico have established their consulates in the downtown area of the city.〔http://www.pe.com/local-news/local-news-headlines/20140307-immigration-guatemala-to-open-san-bernardino-consulate.ece〕 California State University, San Bernardino is located in the northwestern part of the city. The university also hosts the Coussoulis Arena. Other attractions in San Bernardino include ASU Fox Theatre,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.americansportsuniversity.com/fox_theatre.php )〕 the McDonald's Museum, which is located on the original site of the world's first McDonald's (at ), California Theatre, the San Bernardino Mountains, and San Manuel Amphitheater, the largest outdoor amphitheater in the United States. In addition, the city is home to the Inland Empire 66ers baseball team; they play their home games at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino.〔(San Manuel Stadium History )〕 In July 2012, San Bernardino became the largest city to choose to file for protection under Chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy code;〔〔 this has been superseded by Detroit's filing in July 2013. San Bernardino's case was filed on August 1. ==History== (詳細はSan Bernardino Valley, which indigenous tribespeople originally referred to as "The Valley of the Cupped Hand of God". The Tongva Indians also called the San Bernardino area Wa'aach in their language.〔Munro, Pamela, et al., ''Yaara' Shiraaw'ax 'Eyooshiraaw'a. Now You're Speaking Our Language: Gabrielino/Tongva/Fernandeño''. Lulu.com: 2008.〕 Upon seeing the immense geological arrowhead-shaped rock formation on the side of the San Bernardino Mountains, they found the hot and cold springs to which the "arrowhead" seemed to point. The city of San Bernardino is one of the oldest communities in the state of California. Named for Bernardino of Siena on May 20, 1810, San Bernardino, in its present-day location, was not largely settled until 1851, after California became a state. The first Anglo-American colony was established by pioneers associated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who would be recalled by Brigham Young in 1857 due to the Utah War. The city was officially incorporated in the year 1857. Soon afterward, San Bernardino became an important trading hub in Southern California. The city already on the Salt Lake Road became the starting point for the Bradshaw Trail and Mojave Road to the mines along the Colorado River and within the Arizona Territory in the gold rush of 1862-1864. Near San Bernardino is a naturally formed arrowhead-shaped rock formation on the side of a mountain. It measures 1375 feet by 449 feet. According to the Native American legend regarding the landmark arrowhead, an arrow from heaven burned the formation onto the mountainside in order to show tribes where they could be healed. During the mid-19th century, "Dr." David Noble Smith claimed that a saint-like being appeared before him and told of a far-off land with exceptional climate and curative waters, marked by a gigantic arrowhead. Smith's search for that unique arrowhead formation began in Texas, and eventually ended at Arrowhead Springs in California in 1857. By 1889, word of the springs, along with the hotel on the site (and a belief in the effect on general health of the water from the springs) had grown considerably. Hotel guests often raved about the crystal-clear water from the cold springs, which prompted Seth Marshall to set up a bottling operation in the hotel's basement. By 1905, water from the cold springs was being shipped to Los Angeles under the newly created "Arrowhead" trademark. Indigenous people of the San Bernardino Valley and Mountains were collectively identified by Spanish explorers in the 19th century as Serrano, a term meaning highlander. Serrano living near what is now Big Bear Lake were called Yuhaviatam, or "People of the Pines". In 1866, to clear the way for settlers and gold miners, state militia conducted a 32-day campaign slaughtering men, women, and children. Yuhaviatam leader Santos Manuel guided his people from their ancient homeland to a village site in the San Bernardino foothills. The United States government in 1891 established it as a tribal reservation and named it after Santos Manuel. In 1867, the first Chinese immigrants arrived in San Bernardino. In 1883, California Southern Railroad established a rail link through San Bernardino between Los Angeles and the rest of the country. In 1905, the city of San Bernardino passed its first charter. World War II brought Norton Air Force Base. In 1940, Richard and Maurice McDonald founded McDonald's, along with its innovative restaurant concept, in the city.〔''Modern Marvels'' "Fast Food Tech"; History Channel; Viewed December 3, 2009〕 In 1980, the Panorama Fire destroyed 284 homes. In October 2003, another wildfire, the Old Fire, destroyed over 1,000 homes. San Bernardino won the All-America City award in the early 1980s, but the city subsequently went into general decline and has only recently begun to recover from the three recessions of the late 20th/early 21st centuries. In 1994, Norton Air Force Base closed to become San Bernardino International Airport. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「San Bernardino, California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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